Theoretical Bases of A. Baitursynov's Works in the Field of Literary Studies
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Keywords:
theory, literary studies, anthropology, psychology, discipline, text.Abstract
A. Baitursynov's work in the field of literary studies, who became the leader of Kazakh science in the early 20th century, is intertwined with the anthropological, psychoanalytical, and artistic-aesthetic platforms of scholars in Europe and Russia at that time. If we judge by the foundations of the theoretical justifications of the book Literary Studies, which was published before Soviet ideology came to dominate, it was generally assumed that freedom of speech and the desire to think should not be bound to a method, movement, or a specific system of views, but rather to the objective portrayal of existence. One can trace the scholar's aspiration for creative freedom in research, which was becoming a priority in European and Russian literary science.
Analyzing the at times unconvincing experiences of such searches, he warns Kazakh literature against them. He criticizes the attempts of the Formalism school, which emerged in the early 20th century and was preoccupied with one-sided form and artificial word formation. At the same time, Abai's poetry is promoted as a model of genuine creativity while avoiding artificiality. From a postmodernist perspective, Abai skillfully uses language to serve both truth and art without being constrained by excessive formalism. To avoid unnecessary dissection of words, Baitursynov argues that emphasizing the integrity of the text is the key to truly understanding the nature of a literary work, thereby approaching the writer's vision, psychology, and artistic expression.
It is obvious that A. Baitursynov's studies, which aligned with European and Russian anthropological inquiries of the late 19th and early 20th centuries – a period noted in Turkological science as the “the Radlov period” – led Kazakh literary studies toward the advanced scientific practices of that era. Rather than simply emphasizing the importance of striving for European experience in both artistic exploration and the development of literary studies, his approach demonstrates that the literature of an independent nation should be understood in unity with its historical and cultural identity.
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