KAZAKİSTAN'DA ÖZEL İHTİYAÇLI ÇOCUKLARIN EĞİTİMİNDEKİ ENGELLER
15 58
Anahtar Kelimeler:
kapsayıcı eğitim, özel gereksinimli çocuklar, PTPK, kapsayıcı politika, eğitime erişim.Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kazakistan’da özel eğitime ihtiyaç duyan çocukların eğitimine erişimdeki engelleri belirlemektir. Çalışma, kapsayıcı eğitimle ilgili uluslararası ve yerel düzenleyici belgeler ve mevzuatın yanı sıra bu alanda yayınlanmış bilimsel makalelerin analizine dayanmaktadır. Araştırma materyali, “Özel Çocuk Hakları” hizmetine sunulan ve amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilen, Kazakistan'ın farklı bölgelerinden ebeveynlerden gelen 12 başvurudur. Tümevarımsal bir yaklaşıma dayalı olarak, tematik analiz sonucunda başvurular dört kategoriye ayrılmış ve başlıca engeller ve nedenleri belirlenmiştir: idari, sosyal, yasal ve pedagojik. Bu engelleri en aza indirmek için yazarlar, kapsayıcı eğitim politikasının yasal düzeyde gözden geçirilmesini, psikolojik, tıbbi ve pedagojik konsey (PTPK) ile ebeveynler arasındaki etkileşimin güçlendirilmesini, öğretmenlerin kapsayıcılığın uygulanmasında pratik eğitiminin iyileştirilmesini ve özel eğitime ihtiyaç duyan çocuklara karşı önyargıları, damgalamayı ve ayrımcılığı ortadan kaldırmak için öğrenciler ve okul yönetimleri arasında eğitim çalışmaları yürütülmesini önermektedir.
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